潔凈廠房設(shè)計施工的生物凈化兩類措施
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- 發(fā)布日期：2017-04-14 09:11:58
長期以來，我們依賴消毒滅菌，來消除受控空間中微生物的危害。我國在上世紀(jì)70年代后期，已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到化學(xué)消毒滅菌的局限性，開始借助工業(yè)潔凈技術(shù)這一物理手段，來控制微生物污染，并取得了一定效果。但是，其思路依然是將已經(jīng)發(fā)生的病菌除掉。這是因為，過去我們主要涉及工業(yè)潔凈室，是要控制危害工藝的微粒。對于那些沒有生命的微粒，我們從來不會顧及微粒沉積在系統(tǒng)或室內(nèi)（或稱為一次污染），也沒有考慮積塵積水會誘發(fā)微生物二次污染。
For a long time, we have to rely on disinfection and sterilization, to eliminate the hazards of microorganisms in controlled space. In the late 70's of last century, China has realized the limitation of chemical disinfection and sterilization, and has begun to control the microbial contamination and achieved some results with the physical means of industrial cleaning technology. However, the idea is still to remove the bacteria have occurred. This is because, in the past, we are mainly involved in the industrial clean room, is to control the hazards of the process of particles. For those who have no life, we will never take into account the particles deposited in the system or indoor (or is called a pollution), and did not take into account the stagnant water will cause microbial two pollution.
表面看來，生物潔凈技術(shù)控制手段，與工業(yè)潔凈似乎差不多。其實，微生物是活的粒子，種類很多，生存條件各不相同，所以控制手段也不同。微生物在不利環(huán)境中，會長期潛伏，一旦條件合適，就會大量繁殖。
On the surface, the biological clean technology control means, and industrial clean it seems almost. In fact, microorganisms are living particles, a lot of species, living conditions are not the same, so control means is also different. Microorganisms in the adverse environment, the long-term potential, once the conditions are appropriate, it will be a large number of breeding.
另外，生物潔凈室濕負(fù)荷常常比較高，系統(tǒng)去濕量大，或者說，整個潔凈廠房設(shè)計施工 http://www.jnjkjh.com/ 系統(tǒng)中只要存在一次污染，就可導(dǎo)致長期持續(xù)的潛在風(fēng)險。如果我們控制措施不力，就有可能使得這種潛在風(fēng)險造成傳染，引起交叉感染，甚至爆發(fā)大規(guī)模微生物的污染。
In addition, the bio clean room wet load is often relatively high, the system to wet large, or, the entire clean plant design and construction system as long as there is a pollution, can lead to long-term sustainable potential risks. If we control measures, it is possible to make this potential risk of infection, causing cross infection, and even the outbreak of large-scale microbial contamination.
1.單純凈化措施，已無法有效地控制生物污染
1 simple purification measures, has been unable to effectively control the biological pollution
目前，生物凈化所用的空調(diào)機，大多采用普通空調(diào)機組增加空氣過濾器等措施，來控制生物污染。大量事實表明，單純的凈化除菌，無法有效地控制生物污染。這是因為在普通空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中，確實存在微生物定植、繁殖與傳播關(guān)系鏈，如空調(diào)箱和管道內(nèi)表面、冷卻去濕盤管、冷凝水盤與排水水封、加濕器及其存水容器、空氣過濾器表面等地方，均有可能促成致病菌的不斷定植和繁殖，而引發(fā)生物污染的因子，是不存在最小控制粒徑的，單靠過濾器難以防范。
At present, the air conditioner used in biological purification, mostly used in ordinary air conditioning units to increase air filters and other measures to control biological pollution. A large number of facts show that, simple purification sterilization, unable to effectively control the biological pollution. This is because in the conventional air conditioning system, the existence of microbial colonization, breeding and propagation of the chain, such as air conditioning box and pipe inner surface, cooling to wet coil, a condensed water pan and drain water seal, humidifier and water container, the surface of air filters and other places may have contributed to the pathogens continue planting and breeding, and lead to biological pollution factor, there is no minimum size control, filter alone is difficult to prevent.
平時我們所說的生物粒子，大多是依附在粒子上形成的不小于1μm的生物粒子，這就是經(jīng)常說的當(dāng)量粒徑的概念。一般來說，系統(tǒng)采用亞高效過濾器完全可以了。
Usually we say that the biological particles, are mostly dependent on the particle formation of not less than 1 m of biological particles, which is often said that the concept of equivalent particle size. Generally speaking, the system uses the sub - efficient filter to complete the.
如果微生物在系統(tǒng)中（尤其在過濾器表面）直接繁殖，所產(chǎn)生的生物污染因子直接進入送風(fēng)氣流，不一定會形成生物粒子。這些直接在過濾器表面繁殖的微生物及其代謝物，大多粒徑很小，很有可能穿透過濾器，被空調(diào)送風(fēng)源源不斷地送到每個房間，形成空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的二次污染。
If the microorganism in the system (especially in the filter surface) directly, the generated by the biological pollution factor directly into the air flow, not necessarily the formation of biological particles. These microorganisms and their metabolites, which are directly propagated in the filter surface, are very small and very likely to penetrate the filter, which is sent to each room by air conditioning system.
這就是為什么近年來，國內(nèi)外相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都提高了末端空氣過濾器效率的緣由。但事實表明，這樣仍然無法確保除掉所有二次污染發(fā)生的微生物及其代謝物?？梢?，關(guān)鍵的措施在于不讓微生物滋生，而不應(yīng)隨它發(fā)生，再采用措施消除它。從這一理念出發(fā)，才能發(fā)展合適的綜合控制措施。
This is why in recent years, domestic and international standards have improved the efficiency of the end air filter. But the fact is that it is still not sure that all two of the microorganisms and their metabolites are removed. Visible, the key is to do not allow microbial growth, and should not happen, and then the use of measures to eliminate it. From this idea, to develop a suitable comprehensive control measures.
2.綜合控制措施，是全新的微生物污染控制概念
2 comprehensive control measures, is a new concept of microbial pollution control
如今，生物潔凈技術(shù)，已從傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)提高熱濕交換效率的設(shè)計思路，轉(zhuǎn)換到有效凈化除菌上來。我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到，傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，存在著產(chǎn)生微生物污染的隱患，那么，我們控制污染的思路，就存在做減法還是做加法的區(qū)別——所謂減法，就是更換易污染的空氣處理裝置，直接消除空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的污染隱患；而加法，則是增加“凈化”措施，去消除空調(diào)系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的污染。
Today, bio clean technology, has been from the traditional air-conditioning improve heat and moisture exchange efficiency of design ideas, the conversion to effective purifying and degerming. We have realized that the traditional air conditioning system, there are hidden dangers of microbial contamination, then, we control pollution ideas, there is a difference between doing subtraction or addition, the so-called subtraction, is to replace the easy pollution of air conditioning system, direct elimination of air conditioning system pollution hazards; and the addition, is to increase the pollution of air conditioning system.
目前，我們已采用了一系列靜態(tài)和動態(tài)控制措施，用“減法”開發(fā)了生物凈化專用空調(diào)機組。如不使用淋水式空氣處理裝置和水加濕器等，重視空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的干燥和易清潔。
At present, we have adopted a series of static and dynamic control measures, using the "subtraction" to develop a dedicated air conditioning unit. If you do not use spray type air humidifier and water treatment device, pay attention to dry and Yi Qingjie air conditioning system.
相對來說，消除系統(tǒng)積塵較為簡單。有效防潮防濕思路，應(yīng)是濕度控制優(yōu)先的觀念。優(yōu)先考慮將系統(tǒng)中的水分盡快排除，避免水分的產(chǎn)生、飛揚、積存，或局部形成高濕度。
Relatively speaking, the elimination of the system is relatively simple. The idea of effective moisture and moisture prevention should be the priority of humidity control. Give priority to the system in the water as soon as possible, to avoid water production, flying, stockpile, or local formation of high humidity.
這些控制要求與措施，已被GB50333－2002《醫(yī)院潔凈手術(shù)部建筑技術(shù)規(guī)范》和GB/T19569－2004《潔凈手術(shù)室用空氣調(diào)節(jié)機組》所采用。但是，生物危害是多因子多途徑、隨時隨地發(fā)生的，每項技術(shù)都有適用范圍或特定場所，不可能覆蓋所有領(lǐng)域，例如，新風(fēng)過濾器，難免會受潮，回風(fēng)中的微生物，也有可能進入空調(diào)機。要控制微生物污染，既要有針對性措施，又要強調(diào)采用綜合技術(shù)。
These control requirements and measures, has been GB503332002 the hospital clean operating Ministry of construction technical specification "and GB/T195692004 the clean operating room air conditioning unit" the. However, biological hazards is multi factor in many ways, anytime, anywhere, each have scope or specific places and can not cover all areas, for example, air filter, there will inevitably be affected with damp, return air microorganisms, may enter the air conditioner. To control microbial contamination, it is not only for the targeted measures, but also to emphasize the use of integrated technology.
因此，還要求生物凈化專用空調(diào)機，在結(jié)構(gòu)上便于消毒、清洗，且停機后便于保持干燥、無積水。在要求更高的場所，也可在“減法”的基礎(chǔ)上，做“加法”。如采用抗菌過濾器、對盤管與凝水盤噴涂抗菌劑，來消除表面微生物滋生問題等。
Therefore, it is also required to purify the special air conditioner, which is convenient to be cleaned and cleaned in the structure, and it is convenient to keep dry and no water. In the higher place, also can be in the "subtraction" on the basis of doing the addition". Such as the use of antibacterial filter, the coil and the condensate water spray antibacterial agent, to eliminate the surface of microbial breeding problems, etc..
但是，“加法”應(yīng)選擇安全、合理、恰當(dāng)措施。不幸的是，仍有許多廠家一味做“加法”。每一項措施，總有其局限性與負(fù)面影響，多重抗菌措施組合在一起，未必更安全，有時反而畫蛇添足，還會增加造價與運行費用。
However, the "addition" should choose safe, reasonable and appropriate measures. Unfortunately, there are still many manufacturers to do the addition". Each measure has its limitations and negative effects, multiple antibacterial measures together, are not necessarily safer, sometimes but superfluous. It will also increase the cost and operation cost.
可見，應(yīng)采用綜合措施，來實施全新的微生物污染控制概念，應(yīng)在“減法”的基礎(chǔ)上，做些“加法”，將防菌與抗菌措施結(jié)合起來；將除菌的物理性能與殺菌的化學(xué)性能，有機地結(jié)合在一起；將宏觀的空氣凈化技術(shù)，與微觀的材料合成技術(shù)結(jié)合起來。這樣，生物凈化技術(shù)才能提供一種切實可行的保障體系。
Visible, should be adopted comprehensive measures, to implement new microbial contamination control concept, should be on the basis of "subtraction", "the addition, the bacteria and antibacterial measures combined, will sterilization on the physical properties and germicidal properties and organically combined together; the macro air purification technology, and micro technology for synthesis of materials together. Thus, biological purification technology can provide a practical guarantee system.
